No, that is not what I meant. Not talking about geography, or the differences in the political climates at the time.
I meant if you took the people of the USA, put them in the Germans/Russians shoes, facing the same circumstances, they probably would have behaved the same.
And I disagree. I'm not saying that there is any moral superiority either way. I am saying that there are circumstantial elements at play, forming two distinct cultures that have been shown historically to act and react differently given similar circumstances. And honestly, I don't believe that you can separate geography from this topic.
Perhaps. Mainly I think his objection is to the idea that the Commies/Nazis weren't bad, and that we weren't good. Not sure at this point.
I don't think "Nazis and Stalinists are bad" is a particularly controversial position to hold.
If those people do not deserve empathy, then none do imo. This was not a first time occurrence. This did not start with the Wiemar Republic or the Bolshevik Revolution.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Europe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocides_in_history
Genocide is nothing new. Neither is using the latest innovations to enact it.
Is genocide caused by empathy?
Or is it caused by a lack of empathy (and an abundance of propaganda)?
To be clear, I am not a Soviet (Stalinist, what have you...) or a Nazi (neo, white supremacist, etc...). And I certainly don't endorse their crimes, their gulags, or their gas chambers.
You keep using the word "empathy" to describe an approach to understand Nazis and Stalinists, and I find that to be a big problem. I will not ever empathize with the likes of Stalin or Hitler. The very notion of doing so is absurd and sickening to me. So then, the question is whether or not those who fell in line with those regimes deserve any empathy. Those who may have found themselves caught up in the currents of those regimes might benefit from some empathy, but those who actively helped establish and support those regimes do not. From where I'm standing, there is a particularly wild-eyed, paranoid, destructive form of reactionism at play in these situations, and I don't find that outlook to be especially defensible on either moral or practical grounds.
Is genocide caused by empathy?
Or is it caused by a lack of empathy (and an abundance of propaganda)?
Let's rephrase the question: Can there be any empathy involved in the act of rounding up and destroying entire populations of people?
It seems to me that your argument rests on the idea that because people might be easily swayed to act out or at least condone evil, and that acts of evil continue to be repeated, then perhaps we need to learn to empathize with evil people. Or, perhaps you're trying to say that there's no such thing as true evil? Either way, I'm disturbed by the notion. You'll excuse me if I don't mince words, here. I want to make my position abundantly clear.
Even today, in a culture where everything is on a spectrum, and nothing is supposed to be absolute, I'm willing to state with no equivocation that there is such a thing as acts of true evil. If we can't classify something like genocide, no matter what form it takes, as true evil, then I think we've failed both morally and rationally as people. Again, how can that possibly be a controversial position to hold?
(A serious question here, considering you have more education on this matter than me. What is your view on the role WWI reparations played in leading to WW2? I have heard it blamed completely, ignored entirely, and combinations in between. Interested in your opinion, not baiting you.)
Reparations played a major role in the destruction of democracy in Germany during the Great Depression. I don't think that holding Germany so wholly responsible for the outcome of WWI was all that fair, and I think the consensus of history has mostly landed on the same conclusion. The economic problems that had such potent effects on the world at the time were especially compounded in Germany, and it ultimately meant the collapse of the Weimar Republic and the installation of Hitler as a dictator.
The Great Depression was that point where a lot of social structures in the West were reset or replaced, and Fascism proved to be a strong contender at a time when so much seemed to be going wrong, and so much was unstable for such a long time. A focus on social order and a turn inward toward a collective (national) identity definitely has a certain appeal, especially to the naive and idealistic, and those who look at inevitable change and recognize it as chaotic. I don't think that sort of thinking is evil in itself. I do think it's a way of thinking that is easily manipulated to commit or at least abide by evil, though -- at least in so far as history has shown us. I don't know if Fascism can avoid evil. I think the mechanisms that define it are far too susceptible to really vile forms of extremism. So, by the time Germany turned toward a fascist dictatorship, too many pieces had fallen into place.
Genocide is an obvious trump card, but even if the Nazis hadn't committed genocide, they still did quite a lot of other despicable stuff. The military aggression, the astonishing amount of cultural looting, the active impediment of social progress -- there is a gestalt of very bad things that form a pretty horrific whole. This may come off as a bit glib, but the fact of the Nazi acts of genocide helps to make the debate moot. Still, even without that factor, I think there's enough to indict the Nazis as "bad".
And given that Stalinists are guilty of the same sort of stuff, including genocide, just perpetrated in a different way and via a different named political ideology, I have no trouble identifying them as "bad", too.
Whether or not others (like the US) could or should be seen as "good", currently or in the past, might be more debatable, but that's not the discussion we're having.