SESTA is probably unconstitutional because it violates the Ex Post Facto clause of the United States Constitution (Article I, Section 10, Clause 1).
In specific what this means is it makes something you did in the past a crime and you can be charged for it retroactively. Which is kinda crazy on the face of it. I expect the EFF and ACLU to challenge this law almost immediately with separate Amicus Briefs from many interested parties.
SESTA has a ton of backing from Hollywood industry types because it could in effect weaken the Communications Decency Act section 230 significantly
No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.
This would make it easier for them to go after many other sharing sites who can claim Safe Harbor provisions.
With regards to the Backpage situation Federal law enforcement is notoriously slow in moving forwards and probably used existing laws and Judicial judgements to support the seizure of the domain.
Here are the relevant cases
https://cases.justia.com/federal/di...e/1:2017cv11069/189893/54/0.pdf?ts=1522402415
From page 3
The allegation in the complaint that “Backpage . . . redrafted the advertisement [of Jane Doe No. 3] to suggest she was an adult” suffices to allow the complaint by Jane Doe No. 3 to proceed in the face of the CDA’s statutory immunity, which does not protect service providers when they create content, FTC v. Accusearch, Inc., 570 F.3d 1187, 1197 (10th Cir. 2009). The further discovery, while not clarifying greatly the matter, provides, drawing all reasonable inferences in Plaintiff’s favor, a modicum of support for the notion that Backpage has substantively changed an ad, which then supports the information and belief allegation in the complaint. Thus, the CDA poses no bar to Jane Doe No. 3’s claim at this stage of the proceedings.
and so did a court in Florida
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/florida/flmdce/6:2017cv00218/333342/85/
From page 8
Plaintiffs have alleged facts suggesting that Defendants materially contributed to the content of the advertisements, and thus the issue of CDA immunity cannot be resolved on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss in this case.
These 2 judgements alone put a giant juicy target on Backpage no need for SESTA
Also from the Senate report on Backpage.
https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Backpage Report 2017.01.10 FINAL.pdf
Backpage Has Knowingly Concealed Evidence of Criminality By Systematically Editing Its “Adult” Ads
Backpage has publicly touted its process for screening adult advertisements as an industry-leading effort to protect against criminal abuse, including sex trafficking. A closer review of that “moderation” process reveals, however, that Backpage has maintained a practice of altering ads before publication by deleting words, phrases, and images indicative of an illegal transaction. Backpage has avoided revealing this information. On July 28, 2011, Backpage co-founder James Larkin wrote to Carl Ferrer cautioning him against Backpage’s moderation practices “being made public. We need to stay away from the very idea of ‘editing’ the posts, as you know.” As the report explains below, Backpage had good reason to conceal its editing practices: Those practices served to sanitize the content of innumerable advertisements for illegal transactions — even as Backpage represented to the public and the courts that it merely hosted content created by others.
and
By May 2009, Ferrer was moving toward a new solution: directing Backpage employees to manually edit the language of adult ads to conceal the nature of the underlying transaction. The policy was first introduced on an ad hoc basis. In response to a news article regarding a potential criminal investigation of Craigslist in South Carolina, Ferrer instructed the company’s Operations and Abuse Manager Andrew Padilla to scrub local Backpage ads that South Carolina authorities might review: “Sex act pics remove ... In South Carolina, we need to remove any sex for money language also.” (Sex for money is, of course, illegal prostitution in every jurisdiction in the United States, except some Nevada counties.) Significantly, Ferrer did not direct employees to reject “sex for money” ads in South Carolina, but rather to sanitize those ads to give them a veneer of lawfulness. Padilla replied to Ferrer that he would “implement the text and pic cleanup in South Carolina only.”
Most damning of all is that
The Strip Term From Ad filter concealed the illegal nature of countless ads and systematically deleted words indicative of criminality, including child sex trafficking and prostitution of minors. In a December 1, 2010 email addressed to Backpage moderators and copying Ferrer, Padilla touted the success of the Strip Term from Ad Filter, solicited ideas for additional words to be stripped, and attached the list of words then-programmed to be stripped. Padilla wrote:
Between everyone’s manual moderation, both in the queue and on the site, and the Strip Term From Ads Filters, things are cleaner than ever in the Adult section.
In an effort to strengthen the filters even more and avoid the repetitive task of manually removing the same phrases everyday, can every moderator start making a list of phrases you manually remove on a regular basis? ...
Included in your lists should be popular misspellings of previously banned terms that are still slipping by.
To avoid unnecessary duplicates, I'm attaching a spreadsheet with the most current list of coded terms set to be stripped out.
The spreadsheet attached to Padilla’s email indicates that the following words (among others) were automatically deleted from adult ads by the Strip Term From Ad filter before ads were published:
• “lolita” (and its misspelled variant, “lollita”)
• “teenage”
• “rape”
• “young”
Between the court judgements and the Senate subcommittee report it is obvious that Backpage actually had a material hand in the creation of the adverts by modifying the ads to be less obvious to law enforcement as pertaining to the exchange of money for an illegal activity throughout the USA except for some counties in Nevada, also that Backpage was knowingly complicit in the formation of ads that could be considered for Prostitution and Child Sexual Exploitation, and that the management actively conspired to create an environment where this was not only possible but encouraged?
And third, despite reports that Backpage was sold to a Dutch entity, it was, in fact, purchased by CEO Carl Ferrer through a series of shell companies, the ultimate parent of which is based in the United States.
So playing silly buggers with Senate, not complying with Senate requests for more information when the courts rule against you is bound to create a situation where they will do everything they can to nail your ass to the wall AND on top of that playing the shell game badly enough that the Senate catches you at it will lead to a prime case of pour encourager les autres.
So while this does touch on the issue of whether prostitution should be illegal or not the main issue for Backpage was they were flagrantly breaking the damn law in the USA both with regards to modifying the ads in such a way as to remove their own Safe Harbor protections and effectively profiting from prostitution, child sexual exploitation and trafficking which are all illegal in the USA (except some counties in Nevada but only for the prostitution and not the CSE and Trafficking).
Please note I'm not at ANY point defending SESTA-FOSTA it's a bad law, badly written, incredibly vague and just overall crap at what it's supposed to do, but Backpage created this situation where they had pissed off the Senate enough with their actions to paint this giant target on everyone's backs.