Yeah, the novel is rather different, though, if I recall correctly and has nothing to do with the movie. Not even Schnitzler best, if you ask me. That would be "Sterben", another one of his novel, which means "to die". Have no idea whether it has been translated into English, since he is not a major author. The movie is masterpiece, IMO, for many reasons, with different meanings, and has obviously been deconstruced in millions of ways.
What striked me the most about it in my rewatch and what a friend I was watching the movie with made me notice - and I agree with her - is the protagonist's, or to put in the way she said to me, the male incapability to understand his partner's/ female desire (If only men knew! Kidman says in a rather powerful dialogue). That triggers in my view a sort of reaction which leads him into a sort of Homeric erotic Odissey which just like in the Odissey ends with him coming back home to her, and yet, still being incapable to understand her. I don't believe it was puritanical at all, I have to say. Rather the reverse, I feel.
The puritanical, rock-solid, monogamous relationiship not only is a blatant lie really hard to live by Kubrick seems to say - and mostly what is sold to the little and common people -, but in reality every couple struggles with it and certainly those who have means and are higher up in the society don't seems to live by that puritanical family view. Thecouple relationship depicted is a masterpiece and it's not by a coincidence that Kubrick chose those actors because they were a real couple in life. And I guess It's not a coincidence they the broke up after that movie, I believ. Who knows. Just my 2 cents.