I will answer
@JoleneBrody's questions in the opposite order that they were asked because #2 helps explain #1.
The name "Flat Earth" does them a disservice. It is not just a cosmetic issue, they don't just think it is a matter of the shape of the Earth. These two images then are just silly:
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The thing we need to understand in order to understand *them* is that we need to switch models completely. It's not that Flat Earthers believe the Flat Earh is just flat but everything else remains the same, like Earth was a slice of pizza instead of a planet orbiting around the Sun and rotating on itself. No. It's that they discard *the whole model.* They don't believe in heliocentrism, they don't believe in gravity, they don't believe in all the things that the current model holds. It's an alternative model that explains some of the phenomena well
**THE TWO MODELS**
We are all familiar with our current Earth model.. the Globe Earth so I don't think I need to explain this in detail, but I do want to mention the things relevant to the discussion for comparison purposes. The Globe Earth model holds:
1) The Earth is a sphere 3,963 miles in diameter.
2) The Earth rotates on it's own axis which explains the night/day cycles
3) The Earth orbits the Sun together with 8 other spheres called planets.
4) There is a gravitational force that makes things "stick" to the surface of the Earth and not fall down.
5) We have traveled to Space.
The Flat Earth model holds:
1) The Earth is a plane of indetermined size
2) The Earth is stationary
3) The Sun, Moon, and Planets are small, close, and are circling above the Flat Earth.
4) There is no gravity, objects fall because they are heavier than air
5) There is no Space to travel to.
This is what the Universe looks like for a Flat Earther:
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The North Pole is at the center of the map, Antarctica surrounds it, most flat earthers believe there is a dome over the Earth that contains the luminaries (Sun, Moon, planets, fixed stars)
The thing is this model can explain many of the phenomena that the globe model explains so it isn't as crazy or stupid as it may seem at a first glance. Most of these flat-earthers are normal people who grew up with the globe model, so believing in this is not a case of carelessness or blindly following a leader, it is an act of reflection and doubt.
Many flat-earthers believe it is an international conspiracy but many of them don't. For those who do believe in it they think the switch in models was done to conceal the existence of land beyond the poles. This part of it is also backed by
some data too long for me to explain right now.
For those who don't believe in conspiracies, this is simply a case of an error at the base that got accepted as truth and became the foundation of many theoretical physics theories and when it comes to theoretical physics and math you can build an entire building that's concise and beautiful over a mistake. The mistake at the base was assuming the Earth was round. It was taken as a truth from Copernicus on, but what if it was a mistake? Take the Erathostenes experiment of the wells with the sunlight, it can also be explained by a flat Earth with a small Sun close to the surface
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